The Operating System command uname -a will provide you that information on Linux.
The output will provide you some insight as to if the Operating System is 32 or 64 bit.
Example:
$ uname -a
Linux hostname 2.4.21-4.ELsmp #1 SMP Fri Oct 3 17:32:58 EDT 2003 x86_64 x86_64 x86_64 GNU/Linux
$ uname -a
Linux hostname 2.6.9-55.ELsmp #1 SMP Fri Apr 20 17:03:35 EDT 2007 i686 i686 i386 GNU/Linux
Linux machines that are running 64 bit have the 64 referenced within the result of the uname -a command.
Linux machines that are running 32 bit have a reference like i686 or i386.
Additional information regarding the Linux platform as well as other Operating Systems is available via:
http://www.stata.com/support/faqs/win/64bit.html